Californium (Cf)
Californium (Cf) is element 98, an actinide. Atomic mass 251, configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s². Properties, isotopes, oxidation states, uses and history, with an interactive 3D atom model.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 98 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Cf |
| Standard atomic weight | 251 |
| Category | Actinide |
| Period | 7 |
| State at room temperature | Solid |
| Electron configuration | [Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s² |
| Valence electrons | 2 (Variable) |
| Common oxidation states | +3 |
| Common ions | No common ions |
| First ionization energy | 608 kJ/mol |
| Density | 15.1 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 900°C |
Common uses
- Neutron startup source for reactors
- Gold/Oil prospecting
Where it matters
- Industrial Sensing (Neutron moisture gauges)
Hazards
- Intense neutron emitter
History
| Discovered | 1950 |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Thompson, Street, Ghiorso, Seaborg |
| Name | State of California |