Manganese (Mn)
Manganese (Mn) is element 25, a transition metal. Atomic mass 54.938043, configuration [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s². Properties, isotopes, oxidation states, uses and history, with an interactive 3D atom model.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 25 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Mn |
| Standard atomic weight | 54.938043(2) |
| Category | Transition Metal |
| Group | 7 |
| Period | 4 |
| State at room temperature | Solid |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s² |
| Valence electrons | 2 (Variable) |
| Common oxidation states | +2, +4, +7 |
| Common ions | No common ions |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.55 |
| First ionization energy | 717 kJ/mol |
| Atomic radius | 161 pm |
| Density | 7.3 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 1246°C |
| Boiling point | 2061°C |
| Specific heat | 0.479 J/(g·°C) |
Natural isotopes
- Mn-55: Stable
Common uses
- Steel alloys
- Aluminum beverage cans
- Dry cell batteries (MnO₂)
Where it matters
- Metallurgy (Essential for steel strength)
- Batteries (Alkaline cells)
Hazards
- Manganism (neurotoxicity) from chronic dust inhalation
History
| Discovered | 1774 |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Johan Gottlieb Gahn |
| Name | Derived from Magnesia |