Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen (N) is element 7, a nonmetal. Atomic mass 14.007, configuration [He] 2s² 2p³. Properties, isotopes, oxidation states, uses and history, with an interactive 3D atom model.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 7 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | N |
| Standard atomic weight | [14.00643,14.00728] |
| Category | Other nonmetal |
| Group | 15 |
| Period | 2 |
| State at room temperature | Gas |
| Electron configuration | [He] 2s² 2p³ |
| Valence electrons | 5 |
| Common oxidation states | -3, +3, +5 |
| Common ions | N³⁻ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 3.04 |
| First ionization energy | 1402 kJ/mol |
| Atomic radius | 56 pm |
| Density | 1.145 g/L |
| Melting point | -209.98°C |
| Boiling point | -195.79°C |
| Specific heat | 1.04 J/(g·°C) |
Natural isotopes
- N-14: Stable
- N-15: Stable
Common uses
- Fertilizers
- Explosives
- Food packaging (inert atmosphere)
Where it matters
- Agriculture (Haber-Bosch Process/Fertilizers)
- Cryogenics (Liquid N₂)
Hazards
- Asphyxiant (displaces oxygen)
History
| Discovered | 1772 |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Daniel Rutherford |
| Name | Jean-Antoine Chaptal |