Nickel (Ni)
Nickel (Ni) is element 28, a transition metal. Atomic mass 58.6934, configuration [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s². Properties, isotopes, oxidation states, uses and history, with an interactive 3D atom model.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 28 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Ni |
| Standard atomic weight | 58.6934(4) |
| Category | Transition Metal |
| Group | 10 |
| Period | 4 |
| State at room temperature | Solid |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² |
| Valence electrons | 2 (Variable) |
| Common oxidation states | +2 |
| Common ions | No common ions |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.91 |
| First ionization energy | 737 kJ/mol |
| Electron affinity | 111.5 kJ/mol |
| Atomic radius | 149 pm |
| Density | 8.9 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 1456°C |
| Boiling point | 2913°C |
| Specific heat | 0.444 J/(g·°C) |
Natural isotopes
- Ni-58: Stable
- Ni-60: Stable
- Ni-61: Stable
- Ni-62: Stable
- Ni-64: Stable
Common uses
- Stainless steel
- Batteries
- Plating
- Coins
Where it matters
- Currency (Coins)
- Alloys (Stainless steel)
- Catalysis (Hydrogenation)
Hazards
- Common allergen (contact dermatitis)
History
| Discovered | 1751 |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Axel Fredrik Cronstedt |
| Name | From Kupfernickel (Devil's copper) |