Praseodymium (Pr)
Praseodymium (Pr) is element 59, a lanthanide. Atomic mass 140.90766, configuration [Xe] 4f³ 6s². Properties, isotopes, oxidation states, uses and history, with an interactive 3D atom model.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 59 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Pr |
| Standard atomic weight | 140.90766(1) |
| Category | Lanthanide |
| Period | 6 |
| State at room temperature | Solid |
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f³ 6s² |
| Valence electrons | 2 (Variable) |
| Common oxidation states | +3 |
| Common ions | No common ions |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.13 |
| First ionization energy | 527 kJ/mol |
| Electron affinity | 92.82 kJ/mol |
| Atomic radius | 185 pm |
| Density | 6.77 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 935°C |
| Boiling point | 3520°C |
| Specific heat | 0.193 J/(g·°C) |
Natural isotopes
- Pr-141: Stable
Common uses
- High-strength magnets (alloyed with Nd)
- Didymium glass (welder's goggles)
- Yellow pigments
Where it matters
- Renewable Energy (Magnets in wind turbines)
Hazards
- Low toxicity
- dust is flammable
History
| Discovered | 1885 |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Carl Auer von Welsbach |
| Name | From Greek prasios didymos (green twin) |