Titanium (Ti)
Titanium (Ti) is element 22, a transition metal. Atomic mass 47.867, configuration [Ar] 3d² 4s². Properties, isotopes, oxidation states, uses and history, with an interactive 3D atom model.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 22 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Ti |
| Standard atomic weight | 47.867(1) |
| Category | Transition Metal |
| Group | 4 |
| Period | 4 |
| State at room temperature | Solid |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d² 4s² |
| Valence electrons | 2 (Variable) |
| Common oxidation states | +4 |
| Common ions | No common ions |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.54 |
| First ionization energy | 659 kJ/mol |
| Electron affinity | 7.622 kJ/mol |
| Atomic radius | 176 pm |
| Density | 4.506 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 1670°C |
| Boiling point | 3287°C |
| Specific heat | 0.524 J/(g·°C) |
Natural isotopes
- Ti-46: Stable
- Ti-47: Stable
- Ti-48: Stable
- Ti-49: Stable
- Ti-50: Stable
Common uses
- Joint replacements
- Aircraft engines
- Pigment (TiO₂)
Where it matters
- Medical Engineering (Biocompatible implants)
- Aerospace (High strength-to-weight ratio)
Hazards
- Nontoxic (biologically inert)
History
| Discovered | 1791 |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | William Gregor |
| Name | Martin Heinrich Klaproth (Titans of mythology) |